Efficiency Factor (EF)
How much output (power or pace) you get per heartbeat at a given effort. A rising EF at the same effort over months is a real sign your aerobic engine is getting more efficient.
- Normalized Power = 200 W, average HR = 145 bpm over the session.
- EF = 200 / 145 ≈ 1.38 W/bpm
No public individual EF progression has ever been released (it’s a personal training-log metric) — this stays illustrative-only, permanently; only the method itself is published.
Formula, provenance & citation
- Formula
- EF = NP / avg HR (power) or EF = mean speed (m/min) / avg HR (running)
- Inputs
- Per-second output stream (power W or speed m/s) and HR stream (bpm).
- Provenance
- computed
- Unit
- W/bpm (power) or (m/min)/bpm (speed)
- Method
- Friel/TrainingPeaks Efficiency Factor
- Citation
- Friel J. / TrainingPeaks — EF = Normalized Power (or Normalized Graded Pace) / average heart rate.
- Licensing note
- "Efficiency Factor"/"EF" is Joe Friel/TrainingPeaks terminology for this ratio; the formula itself is not proprietary software.
- Implementation pointer
api/backend/backend/pipeline/metrics/efficiency.py:83 (efficiency_factor), efficiency.py:164 (compute_efficiency_factor). Tests: api/backend/tests/pipeline/test_metrics_efficiency.py.